Karakteristik Morfologi dan Kimiawi Beberapa Varietas Ubi Kayu Manis Asal Kecamatan Palas, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Berdasarkan Umur Panen yang Berbeda
(Morphology and Chemical Characteristics of Some Cassava Types Grown in South Lampung Based on Different Age of Harvest)
Embedded Files
Siti Nurdjanah
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung
Susilawati Susilawati
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung
Udin Hasanudin
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung
Ayu Anitasari
Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v14i02.17383
ABSTRACT
Most of cassava grown in Palas, South Lampung District is sweet type cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) utilized as raw materials for cassava-based snack production. However, their characteristic had never been reported. The aims of the research were to determine the effect of varieties, harvesting age, and interaction between varieties and the harvesting age on morphology and chemical characteristics of sweet type cassava planted in Palas District, South Lampung. The experiment was factorial and arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor was cassava variety, i.e., manalagi (V1), mentega (V2), and krembi (V3). The second factor was the harvest age (U) i.e., 7-8 months (U1) and 8-9 months (U2). Morphology data were reported descriptively, while data for other characteristics were tested for homogeneity and additivity using Barlett and Tuckey test, then subjected to ANOVA, and further tested using Duncan test at the level of 5%. The results showed that the variety and harvest age significantly affected of water content, starch yield, starch content, amylose, and amylopectin. There was a significant interaction between varieties and age of harvest on moisture content, starch yield, and starch content, but there was no significant interaction effect on amylose and amylopectin. The highest value of moisture content was found in manalagi aged at 7-8 months (67.28% wb), the highest value of starch yield was found in manalagi age at 8-9 months of (16.34%), the highest value of starch content was found in mentega aged at 8-9 of months (17.52 % wb), the highest value of amylose was found in mentega aged at 8-9 of month (10.35% db), the highest value of amylopectin was found in krembi aged at 7-8 of month (92.78% db). Overall, krembi, manalagi, and mentega can be categorized as low-amylose cassava which has potential to be developed as raw material for crispy cassava-based snack.
Keywords: harvesting age, krembi, low-amylose cassava, manalagi, mentega
REFERENCES
AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th Edition, ArSlington.
AOAC. 2005. Official Method of Analysis. 18th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18th Edition, Washington DC.
Aliawati, G. 2003. Teknik analisis kadar amilosa dalam beras. Buletin Teknik Pertanian, 8 (2): 82-84.
Ayetigbo, O., Latif, S., Abass, A., and Müller, J. 2018. Comparing characteristics of root, flour and starch of biofortified yellow-flesh and white-flesh cassava variants, and sustainability considerations: A Review. Sustainability, 10: 3089.
Bertoft, E. 2017. Understanding starch structure: Recent progress. Agronomy, 7 (56): 1-29.
Bull, S.E., Seung, D., Chanez, C., Mehta, D., Kuon, J.E., Truernit, E., Hochmuth, A., Zurkirchen, I., Zeeman, S.C., Gruissem, W., and Vanderschuren, H. 2018. Accelerated ex situ breeding of GBSS- and PTST1-edited cassava for modified starch. Sci. Adv., 4: 1-12.
Chairu dan Sofnie, M. 2006. Isolasi Glukomanan dari dua jenis araceae: Talas (Colacasia esculenta L.) dan iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus Blumei). J. Berita Biologi, 8 (3): 171-178.
Copeland, L., Jaroslav, B., Hayfa, S., and Mary, C.T. 2009. From and functionality of starch. Food Hydrocoll., 23: 1527-1534.
Dinas Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura, dan Perkebunan Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. 2017. Angka Tetap Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2017. Lampung. 32 hlm.
DuBois M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28 (3): 350-356.
Ginting, E. 2002. Teknologi penanganan pascapanen dan pengolahan ubi kayu menjadi produk antara untuk mendukung agroindustri. Bul., Palawija, 4: 67-83.
Glicksman, M. 1969. Gum Technology in the Food Industry. Academic Press, New York.
Hidayat, B., Kalsum, N., dan Surfiana. 2009. Karakterisasi tepung ubi kayu modifikasi yang diproses menggunakan metode pragelatinisasi parsial. Jurnal Teknologi Industri dan Hasil Pertanian, 14 (2): 148-159.
Hartati, N.S., dan Prana, T.K. 2003. Analisis kadar pati dan serat kasar tepung beberapa kultivar talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott). Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 6 (1): 29-33.
Krogars, K. 2003. “Aqueous Based Amylose Rich Maize Starch Solution and Dispersion: A Study on Free Film and Coatings”. Disertation. Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki. pp 70.
Laya, A., and Koubala, B. 2020. Polyphenols in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and their stability in antioxidant potential after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Heliyon, 6 (3): e03567.
Li, Y., Zhao, J., Wu, S., Fan, X., Luo, X., and Chen, B. 2016. Characters related to higher starch accumulation in cassava storage roots. Scientific Reports, 6 (19823): 1-17. (doi: 10.1038/srep19823).
Mitsui,T., Itoh, K., Hori, H., and Ito, H. 2010. Biosynthesis and degradation of starch. Bull. Facul. Agrich. Niigata Univ., 62 (2): 49-73.
Moore, C.O. 1984. Application of starches in foods. In Whistler, R. L., BeMiller, J. N., Paschall, E. F (Ed) Starch Chemistry and Technology. Academic Press, New York, pp: 575-590.
Moorthy, S.N. 2002. Physicochemical and functional properties of tropical tuber starches: A Review. Starch – Starke, 54 (12): 559-592.
Nugraha, H., Suryanto, A., dan Nugroho, A. 2015. Kajian potensi produktivitas ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) di Kabupaten Pati. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 3 (8): 673-682.
Nurdjanah, S., Susilawati, dan Maya, R.S. 2008. Prediksi kadar pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta) pada berbagai umur panen menggunakan penetrometer. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Hasil Pertanian, 12 (2): 65-73.
Nurdjanah, S., Susilawati, Nawansih, O., dan Nurbaiti. 2020. Physico-chemical and sensory properties of kelanting made from high quality cassava flour. International Coference of Sustainable Agriculture and Biosystem 2019. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 515 (2020) 012066.
Nurhasan dan Pramudyanto. 1996. Buku Panduan Teknologi Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Industri Tapioka di Indonesia. Bapedal.
Nwokocha, C.R., Owu D.U., McLaren M., Murray J., Delgoda R., Thaxter K., McCalla G., and Young, L. 2012. Possible mechanisms of action of the aqueous extract of Artocarpus altilis (bread fruit) leaves in producing hypotension in normotensive Sprague-Dawley Rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50 (9): 1096-1102.
Prabawati, S. 2011. Manfaat Singkong. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Roja, A. 2009. Ubi Kayu: Varietas dan Teknologi Budidaya. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sumatera Barat, Padang.
Rubatzky, V.E., and Yamaguchi, M. 1998. Sayuran Dunia; Prinsip. Produksi dan Gizi Jilid 1. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung. pp 163-177.
Rukmana. 1997. Ubi Jalar-Budidaya dan Pasca Panen. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Sinar Tani. 2020. Ubi Kayu yang Hasilkan 102 Ton Ha, Cocok untuk Pangan Alternatif Saat Pandemi Covied 19. Edisi 4 Juni 2020.
Soetanto. 2001. Pengolahan Singkong. Balai Pustaka dan Media Wiyata, Jakarta.
Susilawati, Nurdjanah, S., dan Putri, S. 2008. Karakteristik sifat fisik dan kimia ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) berdasarkan lokasi penanaman dan umur panen berbeda. Jurnal Teknologi Industri dan Hasil Pertanian, 13 (2): 59-72.
Syamsir, E., Hariyadi, P., Fardiaz, D., Andarwulan, N. dan Kusnandar, F. 2011. Karakteristik tapioka dari lima varietas ubi kayu (Manihot utilisima Crantz) asal Lampung. Jurnal Agriteknologi, 5 (1): 93-105.
Toae, R., Sriroth, K., Rojanaridpiched, C., Vichukit, V., Chotineeranat, S., Wansuksri, R., Chatakanonda, P. and Piyachomkwan, K. 2019. Outstanding characteristics of Thai non-GM bred waxy cassava starches compared with normal cassava starch, waxy cereal starches and stabilized cassava starches. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 8 (11). doi: 10.3390/plants8110447
Triwitono, Marsono, P.Y., Murdiati, A., dan Marseno, W. 2017. Isolasi dan karakterisasi sifat pati kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) beberapa varietas lokal Indonesia. Agritech, 37 (2): 192-198.
Vandeputte, G.E., Vermeylena, R., Geeromsb, J., and Delcoura, J.A. 2003. Rice starches. I. Structural aspects provide insight into crystallinity characteristics and gelatinisation behaviour of granular starch. Journal of Cereal Science, 38 (1): 43-52.
Wang, L., Xie, B., Shi, J., Xue, S., Deng, Q., Wei, Y. and Tian, B. 2010. Physicochemical properties and structure of starches from Chinese rice cultivars. Food Hydrocoll., 24 (2-3): 208-216.
Yuningsih. 2009. Perlakuan penurunan kandungan sianida ubi kayu untuk pakan ternak. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 28 (1): 58-61.
Published
20-12-2020
Issue
Vol. 14 No. 2 2020: Jurnal Agroteknologi
Pages
126-136
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Agroteknologi
How to Cite
Nurdjanah, S., Susilawati, S., Hasanudin, U., & Anitasari, A. (2020). Karakteristik morfologi dan kimiawi beberapa varietas ubi kayu manis asal Kecamatan Palas, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan berdasarkan umur panen yang berbeda. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 14(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v14i02.17383
Page updated
Report abuse